@Article{Garde2013, author = "Garde, Anne Helene and Hansen, Åse Marie and Holtermann, Andreas and Gyntelberg, Finn and Suadicani, Poul", title = "Sleep duration and ischemic heart disease and all-cause mortality: Prospective cohort study on effects of tranquilizers/hypnotics and perceived stress", journal = "Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health", year = "2013", month = "Nov", day = "39", number = "6", pages = "550--558", keywords = "all-cause mortality; Copenhagen Male Study; hypnotic; ischemic heart disease; male; prospective cohort study; sleep; sleep duration; stress; tranquilizer", abstract = "'
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OBJECTIVES ': 'This prospective study aimed to examine if sleep duration is a risk indicator for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and all-cause mortality, and how perceived stress during work and leisure time and use of tranquilizers/hypnotics modifies the association.
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METHOD ': 'A 30-year follow-up study was carried out in the Copenhagen Male Study comprising 5249 men (40–59 years old). Confounders included lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol, and leisure-time physical activity), clinical and health-related factors (body mass index, blood pressure, diabetes, hypertension, and physical fitness) and social class. Men with a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline were excluded.
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RESULTS ': 'During follow-up, 587 men (11.9%) died from IHD and 2663 (53.9%) due to all-cause mortality. There were 276 short (<6 hours), 3837 medium (6–7 hours), and 828 long (≥8 hours) sleepers. Men who slept <6 hours had an increased risk of IHD mortality but not all-cause mortality, when referencing medium sleepers. Perceived psychological pressure during work and leisure was not a significant effect modifier for the association between sleep duration and IHD mortality. In contrast, among men using tranquilizers/hypnotics (rarely or regularly), short sleepers had a two-to-three fold increased risk of IHD mortality compared to medium sleepers. Among those never using tranquilizers/hypnotics, no association was observed between sleep duration and IHD mortality.
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CONCLUSION ': 'Short sleep duration is a risk factor for IHD mortality among middle-aged and elderly men, particularly those using tranquilizers/hypnotics on a regular or even a rare basis, but not among men not using tranquilizers/hypnotics.
", issn = "0355-3140", doi = "10.5271/sjweh.3372", url = "https://www.sjweh.fi/show_abstract.php?abstract_id=3372", url = "https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3372" }