Peripheral neuropathy is the commonest neurological syndrome produced by industrial and agricultural chemicals. A number of chemicals have been recently found to be neurotoxins; in addition some known occupational neurotoxic hazards more often produce subtle alterations in the peripheral nervous system. There have been problems of both evaluating neurotoxic effects and identifying toxic causes. This article reviews and discusses the current research and progress covering neurophysiological, neuropathological, biochemical, and epidemiologic approaches in clinical and experimental neurotoxicology, as related to the assessment and pathogenesis of occupational toxic neuropathies.