TY - JOUR T1 - Bullying at work and onset of a major depressive episode among Danish female eldercare workers JO - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health PY - 2012/5VL - 38 IS - 3 SP - 218 EP - 227 AU - Rugulies, Reiner AU - Madsen, Ida Elisabeth Huitfeldt AU - Hjarsbech, Pernille U AU - Hogh, Annie AU - Borg, Vilhelm AU - Carneiro, Isabella G AU - Aust, Birgit M3 - doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3278 UR - https://www.sjweh.fi/show_abstract.php?abstract_id=3278 KW - anxiety KW - bullying KW - Denmark KW - depression KW - depressive episode KW - eldercare worker KW - healthcare worker KW - longitudinal study KW - major depressive episode KW - mental health KW - negative act KW - occupational health KW - occupational health KW - psychosocial factor KW - stress KW - workplace bullying N2 - '

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OBJECTIVE ': 'The aim of this study was to analyze whether exposure to workplace bullying among 5701 female employees in the Danish eldercare sector increases the risk of onset of a major depressive episode (MDE).

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METHODS ': 'Participants received questionnaires in 2004–2005 and again in 2006–2007. MDE was assessed with the Major Depression Inventory. We examined baseline bullying as a predictor of onset of MDE at follow-up using multiple logistic regression. We further conducted a cross-sectional analysis at the time of follow-up among participants who at baseline were free of bullying, MDE, and signs of reduced psychological health. Finally, we analyzed reciprocal effects, by using baseline bullying and baseline MDE as predictors for bullying and MDE at follow-up.

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RESULTS ': 'Onset rates of MDE in the groups of no, occasional, and frequent bullying were 1.5%, 3.4%, and 11.3%, respectively. Odds ratios (OR) for onset of MDE were 2.22 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.31–3.76] for occasional bullying and OR 8.45 (95% CI 4.04–17.70) for frequent bullying, after adjustment for covariates. In the cross-sectional analysis, OR were 6.29 (95% CI 2.52–15.68) for occasional bullying and 20.96 (95% CI 5.80–75.80) for frequent bullying. In the analyses on reciprocal effects, both baseline bullying [occasional: OR 2.12 (95% CI 1.29–3.48) and frequent: OR 6.39 (95% CI 3.10–13.17)] and baseline MDE [OR 7.18 (95% CI 3.60–14.30] predicted MDE at follow-up. However, only baseline bullying [occasional: OR 7.44 (95% CI 5.94–9.31) and frequent: OR 11.91 (95% CI 7.56–18.77)] but not baseline MDE [OR 0.93 (95% CI 0.47–1.84)] predicted bullying at follow-up.

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CONCLUSIONS ': 'Workplace bullying increased the risk of MDE among female eldercare workers. MDE did not predict risk of bullying. Eliminating bullying at work may be an important contribution to the prevention of MDE.

SN - 0355-3140 ER -