TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of exposure biomarkers from percutaneous absorption of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone JO - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health PY - 2004/8VL - 30 IS - 4 SP - 306 EP - 312 AU - Åkesson, Bengt AU - Carnerup, Martin A AU - Jönsson, Bo AG M3 - doi: 10.5271/sjweh.799 UR - https://www.sjweh.fi/show_abstract.php?abstract_id=799 KW - biological monitoring KW - biomarker KW - developmental toxicity KW - exposure KW - exposure biomarker KW - N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone KW - percutaneous absorption KW - skin uptake KW - solvent N2 - '

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OBJECTIVES ': 'The aim of this study was to evaluate different biomarkers of exposure to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), a widely used industrial chemical. For this purpose, differences in toxicokinetics between men and women and between pure and water-mixed NMP were evaluated after dermal absorption.

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METHODS ': 'Six female and six male volunteers (groups 1 and 2) were topically exposed for 6 hours to 300 mg of NMP. An additional group of six male volunteers (group 3) was exposed to 300 mg of NMP in a 50% water solution. Blood and urine were sampled before, during, and up to 9 days after the exposure. Plasma and urine were analyzed using mass spectrometry.

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RESULTS ': 'For groups 1 and 2, 16% and 18% of the applied dose were recovered in the urine as the sum of NMP and its metabolites. For group 3, 4% was recovered. The maximal concentration of 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (5-HNMP) was 10, 8.1, and 2.1 µmol/l for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, in plasma and 420, 360 and 62 µmol/l in urine adjusted for density. For 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide (2-HMSI), the maximal concentration was 5.4, 4.5, and 1.3 µmol/l for groups 1, 2 and 3, in plasma, respectively, and 110, 82 and 19 µmol/l in urine adjusted for density. For 5-HNMP there was a difference in time to reach the maximal concentration depending on whether pure NMP or 50% NMP in water was used. No such difference was seen for 2-HMSI. The differences in kinetics between male and female volunteers were small.

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CONCLUSIONS ': 'Preferably 2-HMSI should be used as the biomarker of exposure to NMP.

SN - 0355-3140 ER -