Rats were exposed to local vibration in a study of the differences in the effects between low and high frequencies of vibration on the vessel wall of peripheral arteries. The vibration was delivered at frequencies of 30 and 480 Hz under a constant acceleration of 5g. The duration of the vibration exposure was 30 d. The changes in the arteries were studied pathohistologically and hematologically. Three of the five rats exposed to 30 Hz and three of the five rats exposed to 480 Hz showed disruption of the internal elastic lamina. The disruption was followed by focal cell proliferation with regenerative formation of collagen and elastic fibers. The vascular changes observed after vibration exposure could not be explained by changes in plasma lipid concentrations. These results suggest that not only low frequencies of vibration, but also high frequencies have harmful effects on the intima of small arteries.