The paper reviews the extensive and manifold research of Soviet scientists in occupational medicine. Monographs published in 1981-1984 have been referred to. The data on the maximum allowable concentrations of 23 substances are presented. It should especially be emphasized that, at present, great attention is being paid in the Soviet Union to the mutagenic, gonadotoxic and embryotoxic, as well as other biological, effects of the substances under study. A short review has been presented of the research dealing with the setting of standards for substances coming in contact with the skin of the hands. Occupational hygiene aspects of problems related to the introduction of new substances and technological processes have been considered, and research on the effects of harmful factors (toxic substances, vibration, etc) on health and the early diagnosis of occupational pathology has also been reviewed.