The subjective and psychophysiological responses to noise and the effects of noise on performance have been reviewed in this article. Emphasis was placed on moderate-intensity noise and on the effects relevant for occupational noise exposure. It was concluded that in many respects research presents a rather inconsistent picture of these effects. Still, it is evident that the nonauditory effects of noise may be serious enough to warrant as much general attention in the occupational setting as has for some time been accorded in residential settings.